Living in a big city or living in the contryside free essay sample

It has long been a controversy among people that living in a small town or in a big city is more preferable. While some people claim that living in such big cities as capital or any other great city can result in more comfortable, others feel that residence in the smaller town cannot merely give them peaceful lives but also make them healthier than people living in a big city. In my opinion, I have prejudice for residence in a small town due to some reasons. Although town-dwellers can survive considerably more convenient than those who live in the country side having many facilities and amenities for them, they must confront with much pollution in their hometown. That tiny particles from big industries and toxic gases from million cars tend to increase more and more are used to characterize the town nowadays. On the contrary, lacking in advance technologies makes rural life happy and peaceful. We will write a custom essay sample on Living in a big city or living in the contryside or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Rural-dweller can enjoy living in real nature. They can waste Just a little time to go to work, unlike town-dwellers who have much trouble with traffic Jam and lso they can spend times they left during the day to do more enjoyable and funnier activities such as exercise, shopping or playing game with their children. Moreover, people who live in the country side are likely to have longer longevity and healthier than those who inhabit in the town. High technologies can harm and cause so serious health problems to the people who are denizen of the town. In conclusion, I would rather live in the small country than in the big city. Even though, the comfort ability in the town appeals many people, I prefer to spend my life simply and happily.

Intensive Pronoun Definition and Examples

Intensive Pronoun Definition and Examples In  English grammar, an  intensive pronoun  is a  pronoun ending in -self or -selves that serve to emphasize its antecedent. They are also known as  intensive reflexive pronouns. Intensive pronouns often appear as appositives after nouns or other pronouns. Intensive pronouns have the same forms as reflexive pronouns: myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, oneself, and themselves. Unlike reflexive pronouns, intensive pronouns are not essential to the basic meaning of a sentence. Examples and Observations I have never yet failed to meet a deadline I myself have set up.(Pat Schneider, Writing Alone and With Others. Oxford University Press, 2003)He wondered, as he had many times wondered before, whether he himself was a lunatic.(George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four, 1948)Janis Joplin was a name now associated with an image, one that had grown bigger than the woman​ herself.(Buzzy Jackson, A Bad Woman Feeling Good. Norton, 2005)Watching children make real progress in their language and literacy development is a reward with few rivals, especially because the children themselves greet their own accomplishments with such joy.(Katherine A. Beauchat et al, The Building Blocks of Preschool Success. Guilford Press, 2010)We ourselves feel that what we are doing is just a drop in the ocean. But the ocean would be less because of that missing drop.(Mother Teresa)It seems to me, that if you tried hard, you would in time find it possible to become what you yourself would approve.(Charlotte Bro ntà «, Jane Eyre, 1847) When you, our white countrymen, have attempted to do anything for us, it has generally been to deprive us of some right, power, or privilege, which you yourselves would die before you would submit to have taken from you.(Frederick Douglass)Not until the problem itself is clearly diagnosed can a solution be found.(Toby Dodge, Trying to Reconstitute the Iraqi State. Crescent of Crisis, ed. by Ivo Daalder et al. Brookings Institution Press, 2006)I found myself hoping that by the simple fact of extending some humanity towards poor old Ned, offering the unfortunate wretch some small degree of genuine understanding, that I myself had played some worthwhile role in this new and most welcome world of equanimity.(Patrick McCabe, Winterwood. Bloomsbury, 2006) The Difference Between Intensive and Reflexive Pronouns The contrast between reflexive and intensive pronouns is well illustrated with sit down, an intransitive verb that can also be used causatively, e.g. She sat the child down. It can be seen that John sat himself down is a reflexivised causative, whereas John himself sat down  and John sat down himself are intransitive, with an intensive pronoun that relates to the subject NP. Intensive pronouns are generally not placed in structural positions that could be filled by a reflexive pronoun. Watch is a transitive verb which can omit its subjectJohn watched Mary, John watched himself (on the video), John watched. In this case, an intensive pronoun from the subject NP (John himself watched) would not be likely to be moved to a position after the verb, since it could then be mistaken for a reflexive substitute for the object NP. However, an intensive pronoun could be moved after an explicit object NP (especially if there was a gender difference), e.g. John watched Mary himself. (Robert M. W. Dixon, A Semantic Approach to English Grammar. Oxford University Press, 2005)

Evaluate the organizations innovation strategy Essay

Evaluate the organizations innovation strategy - Essay Example The retailer knows the danger of clogging up drains with grease and that is why it adopted bio-diesel made from waste brown cooking grease in its stores. The company saves an enormous portion of cash from green produce grown in United States. The production is made possible by Wal-Mart’s interaction with local suppliers and growers that fill its grocery stores with products on the prompt basis. The company’s innovation technology features other eco-friendly products such as organic cotton for making clothes. The strategy has enabled the company to save on cash and create a safe environment for its customers (Hurst, 2012). The innovation strategy has also led to high productivity, competitive positioning, and quality. Wal-Mart retains its market share in the retail industry and as the leading retailer in United States. The goal of the Wal-Mart is to change the world through eco-friendly innovations, and it has sustained the company in the market for the last

Equivalence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Equivalence - Essay Example 2. The concept of "how", accompanies the concept of "why. The "how" something works is teaching the mechanical pieces of the lesson. This is often boring to the child and not very well received, but if combined with an insightful "why" lesson you will have a far simpler task ahead of you. Each child will process the information differently, so you may need to alternate the focus of lessons by using one period going over the how and another going over the why and supplementing with practice sheets. 3. Clarifying the term "Equivalent" and Finding A Common Demoninator: Perhaps the most crucial part of teaching equivalence in fractions is teaching the children how to find a common denominator. The term itself is intimidating, but the task is not impossible. The best way to teach children how to find a common denominator is to use manipulatives. The fact that Students' have misconstrued the equal sign is a topic that has been researched for more than thirty years (Weaver, 1971,1973). It might be beneficial to start off with discussing with the class what the term "equivalent" means to them. At least by doing so we can gage where our students are from a terminology standpoint. This would be beneficial if applied the terms numerator and denominator as well. Because we are dealing with rather large terms it helps to have visual aids. This is where the use of manipulatives comes in handy. Manipulatives are an essential teaching tool which allow children to learn visually. B. The Concept of Finding Equivalent Fractions Using Manipulatives. The problem with textbooks and workbooks is that often the children are distracted by the instructions and fail to use the visual aid. Children move from addition and subtraction (concepts that they have likely been using well before their formal education began on the topic) and are suddenly thrust into an area which is completely foreign. Cursory review of math text and exercise books reveals a great deal of "words" which I think are intimidating. Yes there are pretty pictures with bunnies, pies, balls and whatnot. Yet children still fail to become engaged. Why not turn the lesson into a visual demonstration that you and the children can enjoy Moreover, by watching the children actively participate, we as teachers are able to assess their true comprehension. This is the advantage of using manipulatives. Additionally, it is a wonderful way to insure complete class participation. C. Steps I would teach students in finding Equivalent fractions. I have found that children of all ages are very interested in detective work. There is a sense of power and self confidence that comes with solving a mystery. Television is replete with various shows that show crime scene investigations along with the science behind it. Moreover, both girls and boys seem to have an equal interest in the field. I would suggest to my students that we are CSI detectives. I would suggest that the first thing that we might want to do is to ID (identify) our fraction. Included with that identification would be all of the alias our fraction might use to evade our

Journal opinion article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Journal opinion article - Essay Example The article is found in the Wall Street Journal of March 23, 2015. According to the former U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke, â€Å"Efforts to strengthen regulatory oversight of financial institutions in the U.S. following the 2008 debacle should make future crises less likely to occur, or less severe if they do.† The main argument presented here is that the possibility of future crises cannot be ruled out. As such, mitigation measures like regulation of the financial sectors can help prevent the occurrence of a similar situation. Bernanke suggests that â€Å"Steps such as submitting large banks to Fed stress tests to assess risk should lessen the likelihood of another crisis or soften the broader economic impact should one occur† (Amy). Therefore, to a large extent, it is a noble idea to regulate the activities of the financial sector in order to ensure that a similar crisis does not occur in the future. Theoretically, regulation of the financial sector has its pros and cons. According to Harrison (208), borrowing from the banking system leads directly to an increase in interest rates and the Treasury Bills are likely to increase. This scenario has spiral effects on the performance of the economy. An increase in interest rates implies that the money supply will shrink resulting in less disposable income circulating among the people. Such conditions are likely to lead to the occurrence of financial crises and this is the reason why regulation of the financial sector is seen as a noble idea that can be implemented to reduce the chances of the same situation from happening again. However, regulation of the financial sector has got its own problems. A market economy should function freely and any form of regulation may gag the independence of the sector. Negative results are likely to be experienced and these may

Family And Gender Roles Changing Attitudes Sociology Essay

Family And Gender Roles Changing Attitudes Sociology Essay From this point of view, female employment can be seen as a necessary means of family income and support. But the question remains whether and in which way family life and children will be affected by employed womens temporary absence from the household. Gender has been an important principle of stratification throughout Japanese history, but the cultural elaboration of gender differences has varied over time and among different social classes. After World War II, the fixed image of the Japanese woman has been that of the young office lady, who becomes a housewife and a stay-at-home mother after marriage. But a new generation of educated women is emerging, who are seeking a career as a working woman with a family at home. They continue to have nearly total responsibility for home and children and often justify their employment as an extension of their responsibilities for the care of their families (Molony, 2000). But how are the views on that commitment compared to women in a much more liberal country, such as the Netherlands? The subject of gender equity and working women in the Netherlands is often viewed by known two-tier societies (such as Japan, Austria, Italy and Venezuela) as progressive, maybe even too liberated for the tastes of some governments. Japan generally constitutes a case of low gender equity and low female labour market participation while the Netherlands has moderate to high gender equity and high part-time female labour market participation. This bachelors thesis will therefore attempt to identify whether a link exists between asymmetrical gender division of household labour and low gender equity. Gender equity is the process of being fair to women and men. To ensure fairness, strategies and measures must often be available to compensate for womens historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from otherwise operating on a level playing field. Equity leads to equality. Japan and the Netherlands will be very interesting countries to compare, because inequality between men and women in the Netherlands is relatively small compared to the other countries. As you can see, the Netherlands has a relatively high score on the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM):Arbeidsdeelname vrouwen in de EU, 2009 It comes fourth behind Sweden, Finland and Denmark. Despite anti-discrimination laws and a steadily growing number of employed women, Japan is falling behind the rest of the world on gender equality. Widespread discrimination persists, and has only grown more subtle over the past years. According to the United Nations Development Programme, Japan has consistently ranked as the most unequal of the worlds richest countries. Our means for above endeavor will be the Multidimensional Unfolding technique; can this technique be applied successfully to the large dataset of the ISSP 2002 survey programme: Family and Changing Gender Roles III? This large annual cross-national survey includes questions about attitudes towards gender role distribution, the attitudes towards employment of mothers and married women and management of marriage or partnership. I will also try to give a practical explanation of unfolding and the procedures that are used for this. The first phase of the project will involve an analysis of the ISSP data with SPSS PREFSCAL. With this programme we will try to find a common quantitative scale that allows us to visually examine the relationships between our two sets of objects/countries; Japan and the Netherlands. The main issue of this study is to show how attitudes towards marriage, motherhood, and the morality of family behavior differ across nations, both in the Netherlands and in Japan. What is the difference in attitudes about the changing gender roles in two different cultures? Theory 2.1 Attitudes towards gender equity in Japan and the Netherlands In the beginning, woman was the sun. An authentic person. Today, she is the moon. Living through others. Reflecting the brilliance of others (Sievers, 1983). It was Toshiko Kishida (1863-1901) who said: If it is true that men are better than women because they are stronger, then why arent our sumo wrestlers in the government? (Kishida, 2007) This famous Japanese woman used clever phrases such as this to attack the view that men by nature were superior to women. She became a talented and exciting public speaker and the first woman to travel all over Japan, addressing huge crowds. She was imprisoned for her beliefs, but continued to speak out. She said that a civilized country such as Japan should be ashamed to respect men and yet despise women. When after this the Meiji-Taisho era (1868-1926) began, Japanese leaders were open to new ideas; male nationalists argued that improving the status of women was essential if other technologically advanced nationals (such as the Netherlands) were to accept them. This opened the door for a small group of women who called for new rights and freedoms. The phrase good wife, wise mother was coined, meaning that in order to be good citizens, women had to become educated and take part in public affairs (Sievers, 1983). But even after this, the dominant male-breadwinner family model, accompanied by tax and state benefits for families that favor one-earner couples, and a lack of available or affordable institutionalized childcare make it difficult for Japanese women to combine work and parenthood. When they do attempt this, they take on not only the role of paid worker, but also remain the largest contributor to housework and child-caring tasks (Kreyenfeld Hank, 2000). I dont interfere with my husbands business, not with my mouth, hands or legs. (Jordan, 2002). This statement, made by Kumiko Hashimoto, the wife of former Japanese Prime Minister Ryutario Hashimoto, underlines the traditional role of women in Japan. After this we can conclude that traditional gender roles in Japan are characterized by a strong sense of patriarchy in their society, which accounts for the bifurcation of the productive and reproductive spheres, with a distinct separation of gender roles. In the family, this refers to the idea of the man as the primary breadwinner of the family, and the woman as the primary caregiver in the family (Iwao, 1994). But all this is completely different in the Netherlands. After being oppressed by men in the 19th century women started the first feminist wave here around the year 1870. Wilhelmina Drucker and Aletta Jacobs were the two main women of this wave and both meant a lot for the position of women nowadays. At the end of the first feminist wave women obtained the right to vote and were able to attend college and universities, and had the right to work outdoors. In the 1950s and early 1960s it seemed that the emancipation of women in the Netherlands was completed. Formally, women had the same rights and possibilities to work outdoors as men. Though in practice, married women did not work outdoors and the public opinion was that both men and women had both different competences; women were the ones to take care of the children and men had paid jobs outdoors. In 1980 the law for equal treatment for men and women was finally ratified. Nowadays, the amount of part time jobs has increased massively over the last twelve years. Though, women work much more in part time jobs as men. The government wants to stimulate more women to work more hours a week. Furthermore, men should have the chance to work in part time and take care of children for example as well (Van de Loo, 2005). Most women in the Netherlands today continue to work after the birth of their children, and compared with Japan the employment rate of mothers in the Netherlands is high. The majority of women in the Netherlands do however reduce their working hours after the birth of their first child. This fits in with views in the Netherlands on looking after children; the fact that a mother is working is no longer an issue, but a mother having a full-time job still goes too far for most Dutch people. The majority feel that it is best for children to be looked after exclusively by their own parents, and they are very reserved about formal childcare. In addition, a third of women and more than half of men believe that women are better suited than men to looking after small children. Working part-time offers mothers an opportunity both to participate in the labour market and to look after their children largely or entirely themselves (Versantvoort, 2008). Multi-dimensional Unfolding Technique Unfolding is a data analysis technique that was invented in 1950 by Clyde Hamilton Coombs and his students in one dimension and is later extended to multiple dimensions (Busing, 2010). The unfolding model is a geometric model for preference and choice. It locates individuals and alternatives as points in a joint space, and it predicts that an individual will pick the alternative in the choice set closest to its ideal point. It is perhaps the dominant model in both scaling of preferential choice and attitude scaling. By scaling we refer to the process following data collection, by which numbers are assigned to entities such as items or individuals. Coombs proposed a joint scale for preference data: his J scale positions both judges and items on a single continuum such that an item is located closer to the judge the more it is preferred. Unfolding  is the name he coined for the operation of deriving the joint scale from the individual preference rankings (Coombs, 1950). Coombs ideas were later extended by Bennett and Hays (1960) to the multidimensional case: multidimensional unfolding  becomes then the operation of representing both individuals and preference items as points in a low-dimensional space such that the distance orders re ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ect the rankings. This multidimensional unfolding model, which relies on distances and that is also known as ideal point model, is a very attractive one: it gives a geometric representation of nonmetric data in a sparse way, and with a distance model that is easy to grasp. This statistical method is explorative in the sense that it can identify latent dimensions in a given dataset. The model will find coordinates in a low-dimensional joint space, in the particular case at hand both for respondents and statements about gender equity and inequity. The resulting configurations are very easy to interpret and give a quick first insight into the overall structure of the data and its particularities (Van Deun, Marchal, Heiser, Engelen, Van Mechelen, 2007). The multidimensional unfolding technique computes solutions to the equations of unfolding model. It can be defined as multidimensional scaling of off-diagonal matrices. This means the data are dissimilarities between n row objects and m column objects, collected in an n ÃÆ'- m matrix 1. An important example is preference data, where _i j indicates, for instance, how much individual i dislikes object j . In unfolding we have many of the same distinctions as in general multidimensional scaling: there is uni-dimensional and multidimensional unfolding, metric and nonmetric unfolding, and there are many possible choices of loss functions that can be minimized (De Leeuw, 2011). Unfolding also finds an optimal solution by minimizing what is called a stress function. (To be continued) 2.3 Data This research is a secondary analysis based on the study monitoring survey conducted by ZUMA for the ISSP on the 2002 Family and Changing Gender Roles module. Thirty-four member countries archived the 2002 Family and Changing Gender Roles module; all of them have completed the monitoring questionnaire. The ISSP 2002 module contains 362 variables and 60000 cases. The cases are a multi-stage stratified sample of the (adult) population of thirty-four countries worldwide. The data was essentially collected through face to face interviews, self-completion (with interviewer involvement) or, in some cases, telephone interviews. But these telephone interviews were later on not permitted in the ISSP, so they are not included in the data. Nine countries had advance letters, including Japan; while the Netherlands had a telephone pre-contact. The Netherlands also made use of an incentive (a gift token of 15 euros), while Japan did not use any incentive. With the exception of Japan, countries using interviewer-administered modes back-checked interviews (proportions ranging between 3%-95%). Japan and the Netherlands both had an age cut-off point at 16 years. The Study Monitoring Questionnaire (SMQ) has been modified from year to year. Questions on fieldwork, translation, and sampling have, for example changed and questions on documentation been added. Some countries used old versions of the SMQ, which they had kept. This means that some information for these countries is missing in the report. While the statements in the ISSP questionnaire are about different aspects of family and work life of women, they generally imply that an unequal burden of homemaking activities should lie with the female and/or that a females activities in the labour market are of secondary importance to her role as a homemaker and her husbands role in the labour market. Method The multidimensional unfolding technique usually runs with small datasets with a maximum of 100 subjects. Not much research is done yet on how well PREFSCAL handles larger datasets like the ISSP set with 2341 subjects (only Japan and the Netherlands) Im about to use, so this will be an interesting and instructive endeavor. To investigate whether or not unfolding can be used to make sense of the relations between the different gender-related items (i.e., statements) a first analysis will be done on a restricted sample from the dataset with respondents from the Netherlands and Japan only. Choosing only two countries turned out to be a wise decision, because PREFSCAL cant run smoothly with all thirty-four countries in one data-set, it is simply too much data for SPSS to handle; you will get an error about having insufficient memory to complete the procedure. After that the execution of the command will come to a halt. The next step was making a choice selection from the many variables; I chose seven variables which can best represent the construct of gender equality, these variables are given in table 1. The variables are comparable because they all measure subjects attitudes towards gender equality. V4 A mens job is work, a womans job is the household. V6 When a woman works, the family life suffers. V7 What women really want is a home and kids. V8 Work is the best thing for a womans independence. V9 A working woman should get paid maternity leave V11 Working in the household satisfies just as much as a paid job. V27 If a mom works she can still have a warm relationship with her children. The above questions were presented to each of the subjects, who were asked to indicate their degree of agreement on a 9-point rating scale. This scale goes from Strongly agree to Strongly disagree with an added Cant choose and No answer refused. I chose a (wide) variety of questions from my data; some are very positive about women in the workplace and household and some are very negative about women in the workplace and household. Entries in the following models indicate average similarities and dissimilarities between the Japanese and Dutch people across seven different points of view. The term similarity is used to indicate the degree of agreement between two objects, while dissimilarity indicates the degree of disagreement. I filtered the thirty-four countries with Select-Cases and using the option If condition is satisfied. My variable for country is called v3, with Japan having code 24 and the Netherlands having code 11; so I put in v3=24 OR v3=11. When I wanted to write the cases to a whole new data-set I chose the option copy selected cases to a new data-set in the first tab of Select Cases. Having done this, I had a whole new data-set with only the data from Japan and the Netherlands to work with. When I tried to make some models with PREFSCAL I got a missing data error: Row with only missing data found. This is not allowed. This means that at least one person in my data-set hasnt given a valid answer to the variables/questions Im using for this project. That is why I chose to use only persons that have given a valid answer to at least 50 percent of the questions in my analysis. I did this by going to Compute Variable and creating a filter-variable with Include if case satisfies condition: NVALID (v4, v6, v7, v8, v9, v11, v27)>=4. I simply took the amount of variables I had (7), divided them by two and rounded off upwards to four. Four being the minimal amount of valid answers I wanted in my analysis. After this I filtered my Japan-Netherlands data-set on this new variable (Valid Answers) via Select Cases. SPSS will then filter all the cases that have too little valid answers. When I had finally solved all the problems with my data-set I got the following error: Invariant part of the data found, check, depending on conditionality chosen, your data for constant parts. To solve this problem I made the decision to analyze my data with the option matrix-conditional and transforming the input data row conditionally, whereby tied observations were untied for each row separately. This means that the model was allowed to transform like-wise item scores into different values, as long as the overall order of the item scores was not altered. To better distinguish the difference between males and females on other variables, such as education and religion, I used Select Cases again to create two different data-sets, one with 1106 males and one with 1235 females after correcting for invalid answers again. The first two-dimensional unfolding model of Japan and the Netherlands was created. Its Normalized Stress level was a fair 0,1027924, which is an excellent stress-level for an unfolding model. This stress is intended to be a measure of how well the configuration fits the data. Stress is defined as a Standardized Residual Sum of Squares which should always be positive, and the smaller the better. Kruskal himself suggested the following benchmarks for measuring stress: .20 = poor, .10 = fair, .05 = good, .025 = excellent, and .00 = perfect. These benchmarks are based on experience with experimental and synthetic data (Kruskal, 1964). By adding more variables into my model I wanted to get a better grasp of the cultural differences between Japan and the Netherlands on the subject of gender equity, family life and marriage. I did this by adding these five questions to the seven I already had: V10 Both men and women should attribute to the household income. V12 Men should do a larger share of child care. V13 Men should do a larger share of household work. V19 A bad marriage is better than no marriage at all. V26 People without kids lead empty lives. These questions are aimed more at a mens responsibility in the household and add some more cultural information about attitude about marriage and having children. Before using the Prefscal method in SPSS, first the Correlation Matrix was analyzed. As can be seen in the above matrix table there are quite a few significant correlations between the twelve variables. The highest correlations can be found between questions about working mothers and questions about mens household duties, and also between questions about having children and questions about family life. So there are strong correlations between the variables. This is as expected, because the variables represent unique characteristics of two cultures about gender equity. Since Prefscal itself doesnt give a three-dimensional graphical representation in the SPSS output automatically, I wanted to see if I could find three different dimensions in my data, instead of two (see Figure under construction). Results I will hereby present the results of an attempt to classify 2341 Japanese and Dutch citizens using the unfolding model. The result of the SPSS PREFSCAL unfolding model for the sample from the Dutch and Japanese citizenship values data from the 2002 ISSP Citizenship Programme is a two-dimensional joint plot based on a classical initial scaling configuration, which shows points for 1241 Dutch respondents, 1100 Japanese respondents and twelve statements about gender-equity and inequity. This solution resulted in a great two-dimensional graphical representation which looked very interpretable in terms of the possibilities of interpreting the differences between the two countries in the data set. As you can see, the gender equity positive variables are all on the bottom of the Column Objects model. The negative variables are all at the top, and the one neutral variable is in the middle. The Joint Plot shows the separately derived two-dimensional spaces for the red (Japanese respondents) and blue (Dutch respondents) dots. The twelve statements are represented by black dots. The axes represent the primary and secondary dimensions, shown in normalized units. The interpretation of this unfolding solution is done intuitively. It will be investigated whether the dimensions can be given meaning. A good modeling solution will locate a subjects opinion about gender equity according to the most dominant cross-reference proximities in their answers. By first inspection, it can be readily seen that Prefscal indeed located points corresponding to similar objects close together, while those corresponding to dissimilar objects far apart. This is consistent with our intuition that the countries within the groups havent got much in common. To understand these different contexts, we can again turn to nation-specific contextual explanations. (Insert interpretation of the above model) The highest level of education for the respondent is represented by five comparative categories, not included No answer, dont know. Lowest formal qualification and above lowest qualification represents those who have not completed primary school to those who have completed this level or the first stage of basic education. Higher secondary completed refers to those who have completed higher secondary school or technical training. The above higher level of secondary education group includes those who completed higher secondary school theoretical training up to the last and highest level of tertiary education, University degree completed (i.e., PhD). Van Wel Knijn (2006) maintain that the part-time labour market participation of Dutch mothers is primarily caused by cultural factors and not economic or institutional constraints. They contend that a culture of care dominates, as does the one-and-a-half earner model where the man works full-time and the woman part-time. This model is particularly dominant among people with a lower education. For those with higher education, the tendency is for both partners to attempt to work part-time, although this is only achieved within a very limited group. Based on these institutional and cultural differences, we anticipate that women in Japan will face higher institutional and family constraints than in the Netherlands. As outlined in the main hypothesis, we expect that these constraints will be particularly poignant for Japanese working women who engage in both substantial paid labour combined with a heavy load of household duties. (Insert education model with only females). Conclusion Discussion

MP3 Player versus Mini iPod :: Compare Comparison Contrast Essays

MP3 Player versus Mini iPod Sony is the world’s leading portable entertainment manufacturer, and Apple iPod is the most famous MP3 player. After Apple introduces their new product mini-iPod, Sony brings in their new MP3 player, NW-MS90D. The original iPod is a very successful product, but can it continue to be the best on a smaller device as mini-iPod or Sony will be the best smallest MP3 player? I will compare them with the specifications from their official webpage. First of all, we look at their size. Apple mini-iPod size 3.6 by 2.0 by 0.5 inches and weight 3.6 ounces. Sony MP3 player size 1.44 by 1.94 by 0.74 inches and weight 1.9 ounces. The design of mini-iPod is similar to the original iPod but it combines the touch button to the touch wheel and has a smaller backlit screen. It has an aluminum case to resist stains and scratches. It appears to be clear and simple, and it has 5 colors to choose. About Sony’s player, it is small enough to hold comfortably into the palm of a hand and it has a clip that can carry easily in a pocket or wallet. The case is made by titanium that can prevent scratches and has a better appearance. Both of them are having the great appearance and a hard case to prevent scratches, they are also small enough to be a comfortable portable player. However, if we think on carrying out, Sony MP3 player will be better, since it is smaller and half the weight than Mini-iPod. It is much better to carry to gym or work ou t. Then we focus on the memory. Apple mini-iPod is only 1/10 memory of the original iPod but it still have 4GB non-expandable memory. It can store around 1000’s 4 minutes songs. Comparably, Sony MP3 player has only 512 MB memory but is expandable. If we compare their battery life, Apple mini-iPod can use 8 hours after every recharge, but Sony MP3 player can provide up to 44 hours continue playback after every recharge. It is very hard to make choice between bigger memory and longer life playback. But if we consider both of them together, longer battery life is much better. It is a portable device, so longer battery life is better since it is meaning that no frequent recharge. Even mini-iPod has a very large memory but no body can think that there is a battery can have such a long life to play all of the songs.

The Black Cat

â€Å"The Black Cat† by Edgar Allan Poe is one of Poe’s greatest literary works that embodies his signature themes of death, violence, and darkness. Poe’s main character begins his narration of his horrible wrongdoings regarding them as a â€Å"series of mere household events† (Poe 705). However, this is where Poe’s satire and irony begins and the story progresses to show the deranged mindset of this character as he tries to justify his actions. As the main character proceeds to rationalize his crime, Poe is able to convey a sense of irony through his use of foreshadowing, metaphors and symbolism. Irony begins within the narrator’s introduction to his confession by telling the reader that he will tell his story but â€Å"without comment† (Poe 705). Within this same ironic tone, the narrator continues to humanize his actions and plea for justification but predicts that what he has already done has destroyed him. Poe describes how â€Å"these events have terrified–have tortured–have destroyed† him (Poe 705). Poe adds an ironic tone to the story by telling it through the narrator’s perspective. The narrator is a demented individual and the average reader cannot relate to the evil that has erupted inside him. As he begins to rationalize, there is a vast difference between the narrator and the reader leading to the irony that the man feels that this was all a normal series of misfortune. Literary critic, Richard Badenhausen, explains Poe’s decision for telling the story from the narrator’s point-of-view, â€Å"Despite pledging to tell his tale â€Å"without comment,† the narrator is constantly qualifying, correcting, and explaining, in the hope that the audience will see events from his perspective. Although he ironically announces in the opening sentence that he â€Å"neither expect[s] nor solicit[s] belief† the narrator is obsessively concerned with both activities: he hopes for understanding from his listeners and energetically pursues approval by employing the various manipulative tools of the storyteller† (Badenhausen 487). Finally, Poe also thickens the suspense of the story with the early foreshadowing that the main character feels that he may harm his wife writing, â€Å"At length, I even offered her personal violence† (Poe 706 ). The greatest metaphor throughout this tale is the black cat. While the narrator’s wife has been known to refer to the dark-haired feline as a â€Å"witch in disguise†, the metaphor for Poe is that the cat is not only a superstitious monster but it is also a metaphor for being the narrator’s own personal demon (Poe 706). The recurring events with the black cats in the story portray that they are metaphors for the narrator’s own problems that haunt him. As the series of events continue throughout the story, the cat becomes a visual element in the scene for the narrator’s recurring violence and finally brings him to the point of his insanity. Moreover, it has been argued that the cat is a metaphor for the narrator’s wife. Critics claim that the following passage raises suspicion that the killing of the first cat was actually the murder of his own wife. Poe writes: Norton Anthology American Literature. 7th. 1. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. , 2008. 705-711. Print. Critics who support this notion feel that the â€Å"reversal is substitution in wife for cat and cat for wife† and that the narrator had clearly projected his feelings for his wife onto the cat (Amper 475). Literary critic, Susan Amper, commented on this metaphor-theory, â€Å"It is not merely that the wife was always the intended victim; she was the original, in fact the only victim. Moreover, this inference provides a much more compelling reason for the narrator's substitution of cat for wife or rather twin reasons, for his pretense that he has only killed his cat serves both to ease his own sense of guilt, and to shield him from prosecution for murder (Amper 475). This theory also supports the irony that the wife’s body was decomposed after merely three-days and leaves the reader with one of Poe’s signature suspenseful, disturbing endings. The final writing element that Poe uses throughout this short story is symbolism. Readers are introduced to one of the story’s main characters, Pluto, the black cat, who supposedly provokes the narrator into committing his heinous acts of violence but is merely symbolic for the narrator’s imbedded hatred and evil. Not only is this feline symbolic for evil because of superstitions regarding black cats, the cat’s name has a deeper symbolic meaning. According to Roman Mythology, Pluto is name of the god of the dead and ruler of the underworld. This symbolic name not only represents the narrator’s cruel intentions but also provides a sense of foreshadowing. After the first black cat is slain, a second black cat appears and is unwelcomed by the narrator. According to Professor Ann Bliss from the University of California, â€Å"looks remarkably like the original except in one respect: it is marked with a patch of white that, for the narrator, increasingly comes to resemble a gallows—reminding the narrator of his violence toward the first cat and foreshadowing acts of violence to come† (Bliss 97). The white color of the patch with the offsetting black fur is also symbolic to the good and evil confliction within the narrator. Finally, the second black cat leads to the narrator allegedly murdering his wife accidently. In conclusion, Poe’s literary masterpiece, â€Å"The Black Cat† is a suspenseful story filled with irony and hidden messages and themes. Although this is a short-story, Poe skillfully provides the reader with enough evidence to make conclusions about the motive, sequence of events, and the narrator’s denial of apparent mental disorder and alcoholism that plagues him.

The Current Positioning Of Pepsi Corporation Commerce Essay

Pepsi International is a universe renowned trade name. It is a really good organized transnational company, which operates about all over the universe. They produce, one of best carbonated drinks in the universe. Pepsi is a symbol of hygiene, quality and service, all over the universe. Pepsi is bring forthing Cola for more than 100 old ages and it has dominated the universe market for a long clip. Its caput office is in New York. PepsiCo is the 2nd largest nutrient and drink company in the universe. It manufactures markets and sells a assortment of salty, sweet and grain-based bites, carbonated and non-carbonated drinks PepsiCo seeks to accomplish growing and long-run value in its operational activities by making competitory advantages through new merchandise invention.MISSION STATEMENTâ€Å" To be the universe ‘s prime consumer Merchandises Company focused on convenient nutrients and drinks. We seek to bring forth healthy fiscal wagess to investors as we provide chances for growing and enrichment to our employees, our concern spouses and the communities in which we operate. And in everything we do, we strive for honestness, equity and unity. †VISION STATEMENTâ€Å" To be the universe ‘s best drink company † . Bing the best agencies supplying outstanding quality, service, cleanliness and value, so that their every client is contented and happy with their merchandises. † â€Å" To increase the value of their stockholder ‘s investing through gross revenues growing, cost control and wise investing of resources. †Fact ABOUT THE CompanyPepsi is a USA based public company whose stocks are available in New York. Mountain Dew, acquired by Pepsi-Cola in 1964, switches its advertisement and bundle artworks room bushwhackers to action-oriented scenes. The 3rd Mountain Dew motto appeared in 1973 â€Å" Put A Small Yahoo in Your Life. † PepsiCo acquired Pizza Hut, Inc. Pizza Hut was founded in 1958 by Dan and Frank Carney. Taco Bell is was acquired by Pepsi. Taco Bell was established in the mid 1960s by Glen Bell. PepsiCo purchased Kentucky Fried Chicken, the leader in the speedy service poulet market. KFC was founded by Colonel Harland Sanders. Colonel Sanders began franchising the company in 1952. KFC was spun off along with Pizza Hut and Taco Bell concerns as Tricon Global Restaurants, Inc. in 1997. PepsiCo purchases Seven-Up International, the 3rd largest franchise soft drink operation outside the United States SWOT Analysis, which is based on thorough reappraisal of the concern ( corporation, merchandise class competition, clients and merchandises ) , individualities and evaluates the internal strengths and failing of the companies good as its external menaces and chances. The selling mix is driven by the consequences of the SWOT analysis.2.1. StrengthDemand of Pepsi is more than its rivals. Company has a really established name and a good repute. Pepsi has big market portion than its rivals. As the mark clients of Pepsi is immature coevals, so Pepsi has more trade name loyal clients. Most of the clients are satisfied with the monetary value of the Pepsi. Pepsi is an international company and it has a really strong place internationally. The environment of mill is really good and attractive. Pepsi spends a batch of budget on its advertisement. Pepsi has a really huge distribution channel and it is easy available everyplace. Employees are besides motivated. Peoples like the gustatory sensation and quality ofA PepsiA around the universe Pepsi has heavy advertisement and publicity activities Pepsi offers many price reduction strategies for clients clip to clip. Pepsi Cola is patronizing athleticss, musical concerts, walks2.2. WEAKNESSESPepsi does non offer any kind of inducement or price reduction to its retail merchants. Pepsi target merely immature clients in their publicities. Crown of the disposable bottle is non good. Demand of disposal bottle is worsening. Result of low profile or non-existent advertisement Pepsi Sn battalion is non available in far off rural countries. Pepsi is non sing many possible mercantile establishments like hotels, college canteens etc. Most of the drinks supply is restricted to few states. Lack of invention. Lack of popularity of many Pepsi ‘s trade names Health issues2.3. OPPORTUNITIESInvention Company may get down come ining rural countries besides. The company may besides diversify its concern in some other possible concern. Launch healthy drinks Increase mineralA waterA gross revenues Increased involvement of people in musical groups, cultural shows and athleticss has provided an chance for Pepsi to increase its gross revenues through them. Overtake rivals Increase Awareness plans New engineerings that entree efficiencies. Launch otherA PepsiA discrepancies in the untapped states.2.4. MenaceThe chief rival of the company is the Coca Cola. At the international degree, Pepsi has a really strong competition with Coke. Coke has started its advertizements more efficaciously to increase their demand and it is a really strong menace for Pepsi. New entrants are gainingA market portion Ongoing recession Cola drinks are non good for the wellness so the awareness degree of the people is increasing which is a large menace to the company Decrease in PepsiA brandA value in last few old ages. Some negative wellness consequence Economy instability in 3rd universe states Economic height become stillborn Political instability in few states The monetary values of natural stuffs such as sugar and metals utilizing in fabrication are increasing quickly. Adversary is Thinking Seriously About Textile Sector Market Bounded trade names3.1. Political Factor:Political StabilityWhenever the authorities is considered to be stable, the concern will boom. If there is political stableness in the state the policies and schemes made by Pepsi can be consistent to be implemented. Foreign companies are besides acute to put in those states which are politically stable where they have no fright of diminution in their market portion or close down due to sudden alteration of authorities.Assorted EconomyIn assorted economic system authorities and private sector both plays their function in developing the economic system of the state. Investing by foreign companies like Pepsi is more likely to boom in assorted economic system.Laws FormulationGovernment has given transcript rights to Pepsi so that another company can non sell their merchandise by the name of Pepsi. The states where Torahs are formulated, the schemes and activities of the company are different.Social ResponsibilityPepsi ‘s societal duty is to supply its clients with clean and hygienic merchandise so to make this they have increased the usage of disposable bottles.3.2. Economic Factor:Income and Income per CapitaIf the income degree or per capita income of the people increases, it will hold a positive consequence on the ingestion of Pepsi.InflationIf the state faces inflationary tendency in the market, the monetary value of the Pepsi will finally increase which will take down its demand.Consumption BehaviorUnited Kingdom and other states are ingestion oriented societies. Due to demonstration consequence the people are more inclined towards ingestion than salvaging. So the people spent to a great extent on nutrient points. Hence Pepsi has a good market portion in the present fortunes.Income DistributionIt means how much is in the custodies of rich and hapless category. In World 10 % rich people posses 93 % of wealth and 90 % people posses 7 % of wealth. If there is balanced distribution of income in the state, the ingesti on of the people will increase hence increasing the gross revenues of drinks every bit good.Payment ModAs the usage of fictile money is increasing the ingestion form of the people are increasing. Although it will hold a low affect on the ingestion of Pepsi.Employment OpportunitiesAs employment chances increase the living criterion of the people addition and the people consume more.Aggregate DemandIn instance of Pepsi, aggregative demand of the merchandise increases in the season of summer as the hot conditions makes the consumers want to imbibe more.Aggregate SupplyIn summer season to get by up with the increasing demand they have to increase the aggregative supply of their merchandise.Economic PoliciesSome of the economic policies which can impact the market of Pepsi are discussed below:Fiscal PolicyIt is the policy of revenue enhancements. If heavy revenue enhancement is levied on Pepsi so its monetary value will lift holding negative consequence on its ingestion.Monetary PolicyMo netary policy is made to curtail or increase the supply of money in the market. If policies are made to curtail the flow of money in the market, rising prices can be controlled therefore increasing the existent income of the people which will finally impact the ingestion of Pepsi.Monetary value PolicyIf monetary value of Pepsi is increased its demand will diminish and frailty versa.Income PolicyIf income of the people will increase their buying power will increase and therefore increasing the market portion of Pepsi?3.3. SOCIAL FACTORS:PsychographicIt is a combination of demographic and psychological factors. Psychological properties mean how you perceive things. The company will concentrate on the behaviour of consumers and do different alterations in their merchandise measure or quality and in advancing their merchandise so that they can pull the clients. Keeping in position that the behaviour of different consumers is non alike they have to do their selling schemes in conformity with their demands so that they are convinced to purchase the merchandise.ReligiousReligious factors can act upon the market gross revenues of Pepsi as it happened in 2003 when the U.S-led onslaught on Iraq, broad subdivisions of society in Pakistan have banned American multinationals Coke and PepsiSocial StatusPepsi is a good celebrated trade name. Peoples who are trade name witting will non imbibe drinks of lesser known trade names. They will seek to demo their position by imbibing Pepsi which is known to all as a quality drink.MediaIt is a really of import factor for selling. Media these yearss is a really effectual manner of animating people to purchase a specific merchandise. A good publicity can tout up gross revenues to a great extent.3.4. Technological Factor:Research and DevelopmentThrough research and development quality of the merchandise can be improved or better techniques or machinery can be developed which can increase the production. When engineering is advance the s upply of the merchandise addition hence the company experiences growing in their concern. Pepsi operates in about all the states and these are besides technological factors: Introduction of tins and plastic Bottles Newer and attractive DesignsA State-of-the-art workss Ad3.5. OTHERS Factors:3.5.1. DEMOFGRAPHIC Factor:AgeThe demands of different age groups are different. Pepsi should aim that age group that consumes it the most and do promotional schemes harmonizing to their behaviour. So their chief mark is the immature coevals.EducationA company has to do promotional schemes maintaining in position the client degree. If the per centum of instruction is high in a state so through advertizements people can be made good cognizant of their merchandise and can convey their message easy. Promotion and instruction has a direct relationship.Population DistributionPopulation distribution means how much [ population lives urban countries and rural countries. Pepsi is concentrating on urban countries as people there are more inclined towards such drink while people in rural countries are more inclined imbibing desi drinks.3.5.2. Physical Factor:RegionWorld is divided into different geographical parts. Selling and gross revenues of Pepsi is different in diffe rent geographical parts. In hot countries its demand is more.City SizeThe metropoliss which are dumbly populated the ingestion of Pepsi is more.ClimatePepsi is more suited for humid or hot weather-beaten states. It is a beginning of refreshment when a individual is 30 due to the hot conditions.InfrastructureRoadss are the basic demand for transit of Pepsi from one topographic point to another. Pepsi can non open mills in every metropolis so it has to transport it to other metropoliss where Pepsi is demanded. Electricity is the basic necessity for production of any merchandise. Changeless burden casting slows down the procedure of production which leads to less production and low market portion. The selling universe is full of surprises. Who could conceive of that Coca Cola would be overtaken by Pepsi? If Coke could be overrun by Pepsi, it would be no admiration that Pepsi might be overtaken by some other drink. The demand so is to unite quality with inventiveness. Along with that, the repute of the company has to be kept robust. Today we live in a fast moving universe where freshness and newness count a batch. One can non rest on one ‘s awards. Fresh attempts, newness of attack must stay the central rules of a well orchestrated selling scheme and the run must be relentless. A uninterrupted barrage in advertizement would convert the clients that Pepsi is a portion of their lives. In order to populate with manner, Pepsi ought to be an indispensable ingredient of one ‘s life. The Pepsi is at its adulthood phase and the gross revenues of company are non turning really quickly. Company is making a batch of promotional activities to allow the merchandise remain in the market. It holds a big portion of the market and whenever the gross revenues province worsening, the company can better it by different promotional activities. Sellers of Pepsi can seek to better gross revenues by bettering one or more selling mix elements. They can cut monetary values to pull new users and rival ‘s clients. They can besides establish a better advertisement run or usage aggressive gross revenues publicity to better the gross revenues. Therefore, Pepsi is at its adulthood phase. Pepsis, the pick of Generation next is non supplying the first pick of immature coevals. A immature coevals wants something strong in cold drinks & A ; therefore prefers Thumsup. Pepsi should come out with some excess strong gustatory sensation to catch up maximal immature coevals & A ; to go precisely Generation Next drink. Company should name competent & A ; honest salesman so that they could supply strategies to the full retail merchant ‘s & A ; cover their full path. It is frequently seen that some salesman do non adumbrate strategies to the retail merchant & A ; few of the retail merchants complained about it. So there should be frequent visits of Customer Executives to their several countries to maintain the tradesmans benefited with assorted strategies. Delay in get downing of supply new waves from several terminal should be checked & amp ; a proper clip registry should be maintained. Most of the retail merchants are kicking about non-fulfillment of committednesss sing their sampling. Company should do certain that the retail merchants get the sampling on clip so that they are satisfied. Most of the retail merchants are kicking about hold & A ; no replacing of burst bottles. Marketing Management should screen some solutions to this major job of replacing burst bottles. One-half filled bottles should besides be checked at the clip of issue of goods from the distributer ‘s travel down to the several paths. Company should seek to give some recognition installation to the distributers so that they get motivated. Credit installation for retail merchants should be provided. Proper feedback system should be developed by guaranting regular visits & A ; look into indiscriminately at the assorted mercantile establishments Pepsi is a good renowned company and it has maintained its place good by understanding the client psychological science, by guaranting quality, by presenting inventiveness in merchandises, by enlarging its merchandise base, by maintaining economic factors in position and by intense and jazzy advertizements. Whenever and where of all time there is a spotlight event, Pepsi must calculate in, like the cricket and football lucifers between any state and many other such occasions. The cardinal word for success in the Marketing World is to â€Å" stay in the limelight † and that is what Pepsi is making. SWOT Analysis of Pepsi, which is based on thorough reappraisal of the concern ( corporation, merchandise class competition, clients and merchandises ) , individualities and evaluates the internal strengths and failing of the company good as its external menaces and chances.

Three Roads to War essays

Three Roads to War essays There have been many pieces published on the causes of the First World War, and among them there lie many different opinions as to who or what was truly at fault. The purpose of this essay is to compare the views of three historians, Fritz Fischer, Gerhard Ritter and Konrad Jarausch; each took a different approach to the examination of the war guilt question and as a result also derives a different answer to it. Fischers work is rich with archival evidence, which by his analysis, confirms the guilt of the German state. Ritters work, more a rebuttal of Fischers work than a thorough diagnosis of historical documents, does not provide as much textual evidence, but his argument for the guilt of Austria-Hungary is still clearly put forth. Jarausch, whose work does not staunchly condemn or defend any one person or state, was outfitted with a new piece of evidence a diary that was kept during those crucial months by Bethmann Hollwegs aide, Kurt Riezler. The Riezler diary provided Jarausch with valuable insight into the personality of the German chancellor and it is him and his decisions that Jarausch chose to center his work around. Jarausch makes an evident attempt to remain more objective than the former two, and as such seems to come the closest of all three to documenting the emotions and reasoning behind the infamous decisions of July and August 1914. Fischer, Ritter and Jarausch all paint the same general picture of the European political atmosphere before Ferdinands assassination. Germany had developed the feeling that she was being left behind and her hopes of remaining a significant power in the future were becoming increasingly dismal. They address the sense of inevitably that was felt in regards to future armed conflict in Europe and the increasing concern over the buildup of the Russian army. Fischer also mentions the Reichstag elections which brought a large number of Social Dem...

Business Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Business Studies - Essay Example The paper is concluded with a review of making one of these secondment programmes abroad. Secondments have repeatedly been used by managers as a strategic approach to diversify employee skills and performance. The repeated use of this approach to increase the employee value has been the result of the advantages that is had on both the employees and the organisations fostering such a programme. These advantages are two-pronged in the light of the benefits that go to the employer, the employee undergoing the secondment programme. For us, such a programme makes our organisation to have a human resource pool with diverse knowledge on all the functions and processes of the organisation. With employees having the traits of occupational and functional diversity, there is security system in place to shield the effects of eventualities like sudden resignation, retirement, dismissal, death, or incapacitation from accidents. Secondly, the secondment programme would allow us train our employees in-house while keeping them on the same payroll. This results to significant savings for the company. To our employees, the secondment programme would enhance both personal and career development, thereby giving them the opportunity for varied responsibilities. Apart from paying the employees salaries we would also incur extra costs to complete the secondment programme. Such costs would be related to buying new equipment for training. It could also lead to a decrease in operational performance as time meant for work would now be reduced to train other employees. 3.1 To motivate our employees to apply for this programme, a number of incentives must be taken. This is an issue of in-house employee development programme and might come with characteristics of organisational change, the employees must be motivated to apply by making them know the importance of such a

Regional Attitudes and American Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Regional Attitudes and American Identity - Essay Example My friend explained that the Philippine culture is very rich in diversity due to both history and geography. Historically, he explained that the Philippine people are actually composed of ethnicities from different foreign cultures that migrated centuries ago. The immigrants were mostly Malay and Muslim from the surrounding neighbor islands, while later years would bring the Chinese, then the Spanish, and then the North Americans. Geographically, the various mountain ranges and islands act as cultural borders, giving each separated region its own cultural development. My friend is from the capital city of Manila, which he believes is a place where the old face of his home country is being overlapped heavily by the new trends of globalization. He gives high regard to the old ways that place value on virtues, which are close to Western ideas of chivalry and a mix of the Oriental notion of filial respect. However, he also believes that the new ways of thinking are important if his country is to progress and to keep the pace of development without slacking. From how I understand it, this creates conflict between the two cultural perspectives that try to control the cultural plane. Scott and Sherson (1999) indicated that, â€Å"the problem for intercultural communication is that communication is never between cultures per se, but always between people. And people, and the contexts in which they interact, are unique, dynamic, and changeable† (p.4). My friend finds an example of such conflict between him and his mother. He stated that his mother is so attached to the old cultural ways that her methods of dealing with matters are ineffective and inefficient. On the other hand, he notes that his forward thinking and practical methods is taken as an upfront resistance or seen as disrespect to his mother’s sense of authority. According to him, such intercultural conflict exists in his country within homes and even between regions, beliefs